Art History Paper on the Aljaferia Palace

I. Introduction The Aljaferia Palace is a medieval Islamic palace built during the 11th century and located in the heart of present day Zaragoza, Spain. The palace reflects the splendor attained by the kingdom of the taifa of Zaragoza at the height of its grandeur. Today, the Aljaferia Palace contains the Cortes or regional parliament of the autonomous community of Aragon. The structure holds unique importance in that it is the only conserved testimony of a large building of Spanish Islamic architecture of the era of the Taifas, independent kingdoms.As a work of art, the Aljaferia Palace belongs to the style of Mudejar Art. Mudejar Art, a style which is native and unique to the history of Spain, was a meeting point between Christianity and Islam. The term Mudejar refers to the Muslims who continued to practice their religion and their customs in the territories which became part of the Christian dominions as the Reconquest of the Hispanic kingdoms advanced into southern Spain. It cam e into being and flourished thanks to the social phenomenon represented by the climate of peaceful coexistence between three cultures: Christian, Muslim and Jewish.This system of artistic work –a heritage of the Islamic tradition– left its mark both on Christian architecture and on its sumptuary arts. Mudejar art is  widely accepted as a  hybrid of Moorish, Gothic and Romanesque styles. After the capture of Zaragoza in 1118 by Alfonso I of Aragon during the reconquista, the Aljaferia Palace became the residence of the Christian kings of the Kingdom of Aragon and as such was converted into the focal point for spread of the Mudejar Architecture of Aragon. II. HistoryThe Aljaferia Palace was built during the second part of the 11th century in the Moorish independent Muslim state called the Taifa of Zaragoza, present day Zaragoza, Spain. It was built to be the residence of the Banu Hud dynasty during the era of Abu Jaffar Al-Muqtadir after abolishing Banu Tujibi of Kin dah dynasty. The Banu Hud were an Arab dynasty that ruled the taifa of Zaragoza from 1039-1110. In 1039, under the leadership of Al-Mustain I, Sulayman ibn Hud al-Judhami, the Banu Hud seized control of Zaragoza from a rival clan, the Banu Tujibi.His heirs, particularly Ahmad I al-Muqtadir (1046-1081), were patrons of culture and the arts. In the second half of the 11th century, Ahmad I built the Aljaferia Palace as the royal residence for the Banu Hud dynasty and it is practically the only palace from that period to have survived almost in its entirety. Later, in the 1200s, a coalition of Christian kings drove the Moors from Spain in a 300 year long campaign called the Reconquista. As Moorish territory fell to the Christian kings of Spain, the Aljaferia Palace became the residence of the Christian kings of the Kingdom of Aragon.The Aljaferia Palace served many functions throughout history. As stated before, it was built by the Taifas Kings of the Banu Hun dynasty as a leisure resid ence but was also a defensive building. The palace later functioned as the residence of the Christian kings in the Kingdom of Aragon after the capture of Alfonso I of Aragon in 1118. It was also the birthplace of Saint Isabel of Portugal in the year 1271. It was used as the royal residence by Peter IV of Aragon and subsequently, on the principal building site, a renovation was carried out that converted these chambers into the palace of the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.In 1593, the structure experienced another renovation that converted it into a military base, first according to Renaissance designs (which today can be observed in its moat and gardens) and later as military quarters. The building suffered continuous alterations and considerable imperfections, above all with the Siege of Zaragoza during the Peninsular War until it was finally restored in the second half of the 20th century. III. ConstructionThe Aljaferia Palace is a complex group of structures that have been built aroun d one another from the Islamic age until modern times, including Christian modifications during the Middle Ages. The Palace’s original plan was small, approximately 70 x 70 meters, and it was surrounded by a continuous wall punctuated by round towers, only three of which survive. Two of these towers flank the entrance, creating a highly fortified exterior in contrast to the luxurious ornament of the small courtyard, so-called throne hall, and mosque that remain from the eleventh century.These spaces are distinguished by architectural motifs and an ornamental programme that evoke caliph al Cordoba. However, the interlacing arches and carved stucco ornament of the Aljaferia achieve a level of complexity and fantasy that pushed an established repertoire of forms into new realms. These diminutive, highly decorated spaces have been interpreted as settings intended to evoke paradise for majalis – gatherings of the ruler and a highly exclusive group of companions – at which wine drinking and poetic recitation took place.The Muslim palace is the best-preserved palace complex from the epoch of the Taifa kingdoms on the Iberian peninsula. The quadrangular enclosure still retains part of its original adobe perimeter wall. It is reinforced with large semi-circular towers and a rectangular tower on the north side called the ‘troubadour's tower' (Torre del Trovador), the lower part of which is the oldest part of the complex. Also in the Palace’s original construction, extra ramparts were made in the open field surrounding the Aljaferia. With urban expansion over the years, the building has remained inside of the city.However, the city of Zaragoza has not been able to honor the landscaped surroundings of the Aljaferia. A freeway was built and now passes only a few meters away from the Aljaferia Palace. The best-conserved part of the Palace is the north wing. In this area, on the east side of the portico and next to what is believed to have b een the great audience chamber of al-Muqtadir, known as the ‘Golden Room' or ‘Marble Room', there remains a small octagonal mosque whose location, intimate character and small size suggest that it was designed as a private oratory for the king and his family.In the south wing of the palace, as on the north side, there was another large hall with side rooms and a porticoed area that served as an antechamber. Sadly, this hall was demolished in the 14th century to make way for the Chapel of St George, which in turn was destroyed in 1867. Nonetheless, before the demolition, a number of arches, capitals and other decorative elements were salvaged from this area, which has enabled the portico and two of its side rooms to be reconstructed in recent times. The oldest construction of the Aljaferia is called Troubadour Tower.The tower received this name from Antonio Garcia Gutierrez’s 1836 romantic drama The Troubadour, which was converted into a libretto for Giuseppe Verdi ’s opera Il trovatore in 1853. The tower is a defensive structure, with a quadrangular base and five levels which date back to the end of the 9th century AD, in the period governed by the first Banu Tujibi, Muhammad Alanqur, who was named after Muhammad I of Cordoba, independent Emir of Cordoba. According to Cabanero Subiza (1998) the Tower was built in the second half of the 10th century.In its lower part, the tower contains vestiges of the beginning of the heavy walls of alabaster ashlar bond masonry, and continues upwards with plank lining of simple plaster and lime concrete, which is a thinner substance for reaching greater heights. The outside of the tower does not reflect the division of the five internal floors and appears as an enormous prism, broken by narrow embrasures. Access to the interior was gained through a small door at such height that it was only possible to enter by means of a portable ladder. Its initial function was, by all indications, military.The firs t level conserves the building structure of the 9th century and shelters two separated naves and six sections, which are separated by means of two cruciform pillars and divided by lowered horseshoe arcs. In spite of its simplicity, they form a balanced space and could be used as baths. The second floor repeats the same spatial scheme as the previous floor, and the remains of Muslim brick-work from the 11th century can be seen in the brick facades, which indicates that the second floor was possibly reconstructed at the same time as the palace during the epoch of Al-Muqtadir. IV. Artistic AnalysisWhen the Aljaferia Palace became the residence of the Christian kings of the  Kingdom of Aragon after the reconquista, it also became  the focal point for the outward spread of the  Mudejar Architecture of Aragon. Mudejar Architecture of Aragon is an aesthetic trend in the Mudejar style, which is centered in Aragon (Spain) and has been recognized in some representative buildings as a Wo rld Heritage Site by UNESCO. The chronology of the Aragonese Mudejar occupies 12th to the 17th century and includes more than a hundred architectural monuments located predominantly in the valleys of the Ebro, Jalon and Jiloca.In this area there was a large population of Muslim origin, although many of them were nominally Christian. Described as Mudejar or Morisco, they kept their workshops and craft traditions, and rarely used stone as building material. The first manifestations of Aragonese Mudejar have two origins: first, a palatial architecture linked to the monarchy, which amends and extends the Aljaferia Palace maintaining Islamic ornamental tradition, and second, a tradition which develops Romanesque architecture using brickwork rather than masonry construction and which often displays Hispanic-rooted ornamental tracery.The development in the twelfth century Mudejar art in Aragon is a consequence of the political, social and cultural conditions that prevailed in Spain after t he Reconquista. This art, influenced by Islamic tradition, also reflects various contemporary European styles, particularly Gothic. Present until the beginning of the seventeenth century, is characterized by extremely refined and inventive use of brick and glazed tiles in architecture, especially in church steeples. The Aljaferia Palace clearly exhibits the style of Mudejar Architecture of Aragon with its strong influence of Islamic art.The Palace was built using traditional models in Islamic palatine architecture: a large open central courtyard leading to all of the living rooms with two pools on the north and south sides. The ceremonial and private rooms, also located on the north and south ends of the building, are preceded by porticoes made up of mixtilinear and poly-lobed arcades that stretch the length of the central courtyard to serve as visual screens. In the Northern portico, there is a small oratory of octagonal floor, with the mihrab in one of its sides decorated with â⠂¬Å"atauriques†, Islamic decoration based on vegetal motives.In addition to its Islamic influences, the Aljaferia Palace exhibits the style of Moorish Architecture. One of the most distinguished characteristics of Moorish architecture is the plain exterior of a structure with an exquisitely ornate interior, similar to the Aljaferia Palace. The Moorish people were nomads and lived in tents; this naturally translated into the interior of the tent being the one place that was decorated with beautiful textiles, lush gardens and simple, portable furnishings.The use of geometry in decor was a nod to the Moors' talent in structural design and mathematics. The Koran forbids the copying of natural forms so instead craftsman used stars, crescents, crosses, hexagons and octagons. These geometric shapes and patterns were created in wood, plaster, tile and textile designs and used these colors in their designs: red, blue, green, white, sliver and gold. The Aljaferia Palace exhibits these c haracteristics with geometric patterns and the use of these same bright colors.The Moorish influence on design is one that acutely reflects the religous and topographical influences of Islam and Spain. The interior elements of these buildings in clued: yeseria, artesonado,  horseshoe & scalloped arches, stalactites, simple columns and multifoils. The interior of the buildings were decorated with fantastic and minutely colored ornamental details. Elements of nature always included in these buildings were courtyards with gardens, fountains, reflecting pools and exquisite landscapes.The Aljaferia Palace encompasses these religious and geographical influences of Moorish Architecture with its scalloped arches, detailed engravings, and many courtyards containing both fountains and reflecting pools. From Christian times, it conserves a staircase of honor, several rooms decorated with sober coffered ceilings, and especially the Throne Room, that could be placed among the best works of thi s kind. The architectural and decorative elements of the palace are inspired by Cordoban models but embellished for the Aljaferia.The curious combination of intertwined mixtilinear and poly-lobed arches and the opulent vegetal decoration greatly complicate the decorative scheme. In contrast with its austere, fortress-like exterior, the palace interior presents great ornamental beauty and refinement that reflect two entirely different worlds: a defensive exterior with a refined and cultured interior where the sovereign and his court lived. The architectural style of the Aljaferia Palace is truly a combination of its many cultural, religious, and functional influences.It represents Islamic, Spanish, Christian, and Moorish styles and helped to define what we know today as the style of Mudejar Architecture of Aragon. VI. Conclusion The Aljaferia Palace is one of Zaragoza's top historical attractions. Unique in its historical context as the largest surviving example of Islamic/Spanish ar chitecture from the Taifas period, it is the only large building from the time of Muslim rule in Spain that can be seen outside of Andalusia region.Today the Palace serves as the set of the Cortes de Aragon. It is the most important civil building of the Aragonese heritage. References https://aulaglobal2. uc3m. es/file. php/37496/9. Islamicsin. pdf http://www. travelinginspain. com/zaragoza/aljaferia_zaragoza. htm http://islamic-arts. org/2012/the-aljaferia-palace/ http://archnet. org/library/sites/one-site. jsp? site_id=4821 http://www. spain. info/en/conoce/monumentos/zaragoza/palacio_de_la_aljaferia. html

Real Madrid Brand Management Essay

Corporate sponsors: a beneficial relationship for both parties, the increasing awareness coming from the efficient marketing programme from Real Madrid allows a greater financial return and also the possibility to reach the consumers of its sponsors as well. The main sponsors are both in the sports arena, which allows the club to expand its image without over-stretching; eg. Bwin sport betting platform; and Adidas, an experienced brand in the sports scene. Othersports brands People Things Places Adidas & Bwin Galacticos Cristiano Ronaldo Figure 3. Secondary leveraging through associations with people and other brands Externally the team also benefited from strong rivalry with Barcelona and in a smaller scale it also uses the association with football in Spain as a mean to build its brand reputation. 3) Brand performance Real Madrid since its foundation built its reputation over its successful story. Like other European clubs, until last decade it adopted a focus on the sport events only, which enable the team to be known nationally and throughout Europe. In middle of 2000’s, the club identified the opportunity to increase knowledge worldwide and was also able to increase its brand stature, attracting more fans by selecting star players for the squad. According to Young and Rubincam Brand Asset Valuator (Value Based Management, 2011), the club has been for a long time in the position of unrealised/emerging potential. In the last decade it has reached leadership, competing with teams such as Manchester United and Barcelona. Real Madrid has always had good brand strength, but only in the last 10 years it has been able to fully exploit the brand stature. Figure 4. Building brand stature through time 1902 -mid 2000’s Mid 2000’s – now Figure 5. From unrealised potential to leadership (Merlo, 2011) 4) Brand equity sustainability In order to successfully manage the brand through time, it is necessary to analyse the external and internal factors that could affect its equity. Analysing the threats through the external perspective, the most recent proof of the successful strategy of going global was showed when Real Madrid went through the last world economy downturn without suffering any major financial impact: â€Å"We continue to assert that top clubs are well placed o meet the challenges of the economic environment. Large and loyal supporter bases, the ability to drive broadcast audiences and continuing attraction to corporate partners provide a strong base to underpin revenues†, says Paul Rawnsley, director in Deloitte’s sports business group. (licensemag. com, 2011) Real Madrid has made a good use of merchandising and did not over-stretch the brand by launching products that are not related to sports. It has been able to feed fans’ variety seeking without confusing them or diluting the brand meaning. 5) Conclusion Real Madrid’s tactics based on a mix of two strategies (reputation and affinity) is a good balance to protect the club from vulnerability. By constantly having good results the team builds a good reputation while at the same time crystallizing the emotions of the fans and creating affinity. One of the risks faced by the brand lies in over-relating to the image of individual players as eventual personal incidents might damage the brand equity. Real Madrid’s brand uses associations with people and other brands. It could explore further associations with the country Spain.

Ethical Leadership is a Serious Matter Essay

At his first day in office as president, Barack Obama immediately signed an executive order that mandates his appointed senior government officials to adhere to a new set of ethics that proscribes them from receiving gifts from lobbyists. Clearly, Obama treats ethics as a serious matter in leadership through public service. I firmly believe that ethics should be one of the primary concerns of any leader since an organization that fails to adhere to proper codes of conduct is most likely to rot from within, degrading the quality of the services it offers to immeasurable lengths. To aspire to become a leader of exemplary ethical values is to aim at a monumental target that can only be reached through perseverance and dedication. Despite all possible odds, I aspire to become a genuine ethical leader to the fullest degree I am capable of. To achieve that end, I am more than willing to have forks in the road, as I had in the past, just to continue my development process as an ethical leader. I have been a Phi Theta Kappa Vice-President for 2 years; leadership is no longer an unfamiliar concept on my part. During the length of my service in the organization, I have learned that leaders are not only born—they are also made. Fundraisers and community events have been an integral part of the organization’s general agenda. Those are where my leadership skills have been honed until today and I intend to carry-on with my roles in future similar events so as to further enhance my leadership skills. However, I understand that leaders should not simply confine themselves within the boundaries of their groups. Rather, they should learn to broaden their perspective and experience beyond the walls and ceilings that hide from their view a more elaborate world worthy to be explored. My efforts to put into action my idea of a leader with broad perspectives and experiences eventually led me to be a part of the Disaster Action Team in our community. I was no longer a mere leader within the academic institution; I became a certified community volunteer designated to run local fire calls when the need arises. It soon turned to be a mind-enhancing experience as I was able to absorb numerous ideas and skills that somehow only the society outside the academe can offer. Add to that my years of experience under the National Disaster Service Human Resources of the Red Cross and my leadership perspectives grew even further. All those years of service both in and out of the academe gave me a comprehensive understanding of human interaction, especially its role in fostering human relations. As I see it, interacting with people within and without our immediate circle is crucial in developing our ethical sensibilities. We may be able to designate tasks to our members and applaud them for the services they render, yet the lack of deep and constant interaction with them can hardly give us the benefit of knowing who they really are and how they behave. I believe that at the heart of my search for authentic ethical leadership is the need to evaluate how individuals think and act in certain situations, for it is through that understanding that leaders are be able to effectively administer their followers in ways that are guided by ethics. President Obama knew how Washington deals with lobbyists, which is why he prioritized the reformation of the code of ethics for senior government officials. I am willing to follow that lead. The best way for leaders to attain substantial interaction with their members is through a democratic style of leadership. In this leadership style, the leader allows members to contribute to the pool of ideas by engaging them in an interactive discussion and paying attention to what the members have to say. Moreover, the leader treats members with respect and dignity as they ought to be. On my part, I will go the extra mile by not only commenting on the things that my members have to say but also encouraging them to assess and reassess the course of my leadership. It is through that mutual exchange of ideas that I can begin to unearth the different personalities of my members and their personal behaviors on given occasions. With those things in mind, I will be able to formulate an action plan that encompasses the ethical principles that I expect my members to incorporate into the fulfillment of their individual tasks. Of course, the fact that I am a leader does not exclude me from following the set of ethical codes that I am going to execute. More to the point, I ought to lead by example. Perhaps the most important thing of all is to serve the needs of the society as much as possible or as much as organizational resources allow. To be a truly ethical leader, I am compelled to be of exemplary service to the society and to the people who are in need. To others, my active involvement in community service is more than enough to dignify me as an ethical leader who cares for others. But on my part, none of my previous accomplishments can ever be enough. I believe that ethical leaders do not grovel at the thought of a grand goal attainable within a specified timeframe. Rather, leaders immerse themselves into the inspiring idea that public service is an unending mission that stretches beyond a lifetime. A lifetime of public service is a lifetime of touching the lives of countless people both strangers and familiar faces alike. To be able to touch the lives of others is to be able to fill one’s moral worth. What better way can there be than to serve others through means which are not only effective but are ethically sound as well. Sages say that some leaders are born while others are made, and the way to effective leadership is through the mobilization of the group members—to which I agree. But I intend to expand that idea by incorporating ethical principles into a democratic style of leadership that seriously takes to heart the need for personal interaction coupled with a broad perspective. Indeed, perseverance and dedication to realize those goals stand as indispensable necessities. Reference Leadership Course Overview. (2009). Retrieved 2009, February 2, from http://www. ptk. org/leaddev/students/leadership-course-overview/

Google Inc. use of the BCG Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

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Business Regulations and Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Regulations and Practices - Essay Example In this case, Oya is the President of Paka Corp. to enter into binding agreements on behalf of Paka. However, the agreements must be related to the daily business operations. They should fall within the object clause of Paka Corp. An officer of the corporation does not have the capacity to bind the corporation in anything outside the normal business operations. It is a fact that a corporate officer lacks the capacity to bind the corporation in matters irrelevant to the business. Oya involved the company in a personal loan, which is irrelevant to the business. Paka Corp. is in the business of selling computer services and not in the business of consigning personal loans regardless of the person involved. The fact that Oya is the company President does not change the operating powers of the corporation as outlined in the objects clause. The action of Oya to consign the Paka Corp. for a loan is ultra vires, which makes the whole transaction void. A shareholder owns share(s) in a corporation. Shareholders are entitled to a given number of benefits. Every state has business laws that govern the relationship between shareholders and the corporation (Bruno and Ruggiero 10). In general, shareholders enjoy several rights that are not influenced by the corporation bylaws or charter. Lucia is entitled to all the general rights of shareholders. In most corporations, a single vote is equivalent to one share unless specified otherwise in the corporation laws (Bruno and Ruggiero 13). Based on this fact, Lucia has a voting right in the company. The voting rights of a shareholder are not determined by the number of shares that he or she owns in the corporation. The number of shares also affects the voting power attached to each shareholder. Shareholders with many shares possess strong voting powers. Lucia has the right to attend shareholder meetings

Answering questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Answering questions - Assignment Example This is why in the research conducted; the researcher identified both the dependent and independent variables in order to know which factors he cannot manipulate. However, the researcher did not rely on quantitative methods. This is because in quantitative methods, much data is collected which implies that results may be limited as they offer numerical explanations rather than detailed description of results. In addition, research is conducted in unnatural way in order to apply a level of control, which might produce different results from the real world results. Further, results obtained do not reflect how people think and feel about the research topic. The researcher in this research had good grasp of research questions, which allowed him to compare photographs of candidates in different newspapers but in the same race. In this case, Pollock (58) asserts that it is easy to influence information in reproducible and consistent

Arthur Andersen after Enron Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arthur Andersen after Enron Scandal - Essay Example Despite the death of its founder, the firm managed to continue expanding. The base of the clients rose to 50,000 from 2,300 in the years 1947-1973 with offices in Chicago increasing to more than 1,500 employees from 250. The late centuries of the twentieth saw, the expansion of the firm internationally creating a division for consultation with management that is fast growing. Arthur Company was regarded as one of the big five companies in the world until the company’s involvement in a criminal case that saw its downfall. The main reason for choosing this company is because, despite the company being involved in various scandals, it managed to rise again after 12 years. Â  The company faced various ethical issues that led to its downfall in 2001. One of them was conducting the illegal audit for Enron Company, the giant company in energy that aimed at covering up billions of dollars that were lost at the energy firm (Titcomb Par. 4). According to the Enron committee, the assessment of the audit that was done revealed that Andersen Company failed to fulfill the responsibilities of its profession regarding the audit the company conducted on the financial statement for Enron. Andersen was therefore convicted for destroying documents that were produced after auditing, which prevented justice according to Enron’s claims. The conviction was however revised later after two managers from Andersen and Enron Company were found to be responsible for ordering the shredding of the relevant documents. This scandal was before Andersen engaged a math of Brickyard with its worker Gagel that to the company was a history though it proved the ability of Andersen to carry out its work with perfection. The brick incidence was whereby a young auditor was sent on a task that was his daily routine to ascertain inventory of bricks million in number that was baking in the sun in Marion.

Branding, Pricing and Distribution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Branding, Pricing and Distribution - Assignment Example Therefore, to gain their trust the company shall reveal information about their product, and the vision of the company about their customers will entice them to learn more about the company and their products (Okonkwo, 2007). Competitive Pricing In developed countries such as United Kingdom, the competition is very high because many companies are trying to satisfy their customers with discounted prices. Therefore, the company has to make their pricing according to the market price and similar to competitors pricing (Okonkwo, 2007). Global Strategy Brand Architecture and Differentiation It is very important for the company to differentiate its product with competitors and create uniqueness in their product which shall entice customers in repeat purchases. The clarity of the brand message and values are of great importance to the company to avoid confusion in the mind of consumers (Gelder, 2005). Focus on Consumers The company’s strategy should be aligned with the needs of consu mers because after all because consumers are at the heart of everything a company does. In order to achieve long term success UW shall develop products that are globally accepted by consumers of different country. The trends of clothing is different for consumers living in United Arab Emirates and different for European consumers (Gelder, 2005). Strategic Partnerships The company shall build strategic partnership with retailers and suppliers to make their products available and easily reached to customers. Co-branding strategies shall also be practiced by making strategic alliance with competitors to offer unique products for kids less than 3 years of age (Gelder, 2005). Optimum Pricing Strategy Penetration Pricing UW clothing shall set special introductory offer while penetrating the market of United Arab Emirates to gain market share. The particular pricing strategy is focused upon setting the price lower initially than intended price established in the market. It will encourage c ustomers to shift to a new product and to make them realize about new competition in the market and to increase sales volume. However, once the desired target is achieved by the company then the prices shall be increased and maintained with the market price. It shall be very damaging for the competitors to cope up with the lower price set by UW clothing which will exploit their market position (Aaker, 2004). According to the long term goals of the company, it shall increase its product line by offering products category which will be priced lower than the market. Therefore, a particular brand extension will be focused upon serving different market segment which has lower spending power under a different brand name. This will provide an opportunity to target each customer base with an intention to increase company’s revenues and to exploit the market of UAE (Aaker, 2004). Pricing Strategy Supports Branding Strategy As initially the pricing strategy will be focused upon offerin g lower priced products than the established market price, the strategy will support its global branding strategy. The idea is to differentiate its product with respect to competitors by offering a price which makes significant impression in the minds of consumers and will attract

Industrialization in the USA during the 19th century Essay

Industrialization in the USA during the 19th century - Essay Example This trade led to a surplus of raw materials into the United States causing the need to industrialize the manufacturing industries so that they could meet the external demand for their products. In addition, industrialization took place due to migration of large populations from England to the USA, which marked an influx of labor forces to work on the different sectors in USA. This was then coupled with rural-urban migration of the American population leading to creation of urban settlements that were well planned (Hirschman & Mogford, 2009). Consequently, the skilled and semi-skilled population took to commerce and other urban economic activities, which further saw industrialization take root in the USA. Advancements in transport and technology also saw industrialization take place due to the ability to move bulky goods within a shorter period in the case of transport. In regard to technology, mechanization of certain aspects of production saw industrialization take place due to the ease of manufacturing and processing of certain goods. Altogether, technology and trade were the most significant factors responsible for the industrialization of the USA during the 19th century because trade brought demand and technology eased production. Wizard of Oz The wizard of Oz goes as far as to present numerous angles to which the story of the Wizard of Oz can be translated and even understood by looking at it through different literary forms.

An audit of current provision and critical reflection of the Learning Essay

An audit of current provision and critical reflection of the Learning Environment where intervention groups are currently conduc - Essay Example However, the effectiveness of this initiative has remained an issue of concern to a good number of modern scholars and policy implementers in the United Kingdom (Hayward, 2006, p. 257). Although the term inclusion is not a legal concept, the term is used consistently in primary schools and many middle level schools to educate professionals and community members on the significance of supporting people with disabilities to perform effective in formal and informal education system. In most instances, inclusion programmes differ consistently both in terms of implementation and definition in different schools and societies. Some variables, such as the nature and amount of support and school infrastructures, differ from child to child, school to school and from one country to another. As defined by global scholars, inclusion entails a situation where pupils with disabilities are trained in regular education classroom using the available resources on fulltime bases (Evans, 1989, p.910). Di sabled students therefore become part of the entire education systems, and therefore, they consistently participate in all areas of classroom culture. In inclusion programme, students are expected to effectively participate in various activities such as in library activities, assembly’s activities, lunchtime activities, arts activities, in physical education and in playground activities. Inclusion has its root cause in Civil Rights Movements in United Kingdom and United States of America (DFES, 2005, p. 245). The hypothesis behind the introduction of this policy was that separate training and education among children with disabilities failed to provide an overall solution to the problems that affected disabled people. Therefore, in order to attain equal access to education facilities, children with disabilities ought to be educated in the same training institution and system with children who do not have physical and mental disabilities. Purpose of inclusion for pupils with S END A good number of modern scholars have written different publications with an aim of explaining some of the main benefits of inclusion education among disabled children. However, based on the available facts, inclusion education offers an authentic learning environment among disabled children in primary schools. This benefit is based on the assumption that at one time in their lives; children with disabilities will become part of the general society. Therefore, they ought to interact with other people in order to understand the society’s norms and regulations. In interacting with community members, children who do not have disabilities will encounter people with disabilities, and therefore, effective interaction at the initial development stage will offer an avenue that will train them on some of the most effective means of dealing with physically challenged people. Therefore, in the attempt to foster competence and understanding instead of fear, it is important that child ren be exposed to people of all abilities and disabilities in their initial training. The creation of a learning environment that have microcosm of the society and that include people from all lifestyles including physically challenged people is very essential and critical in enhancing students’ future activities and performances (Kochhar, West & Taymans, 2000, p. 89). In addition, inclusion programme offers an opportunity for students to be exposed to various learning and training methods on a

Information Searches Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Searches - Term Paper Example A low involvement product can also be one that requires less effort in decision making because it is constantly bought. A regular buying behavior normally occurs if the involvement is low and there is a small brand difference. (Sandhusen, 2000) In this case therefore, the consumer of the product selects it because it is familiar to him or her. A man’s perfume is a good example of a product in this category. Medium involvement purchase is defined as a situation whereby the consumer would not care when selecting a product for purchase. For instance when booking a holiday hotel room, the consumer may not mind about the nature of services at the hotel because he or she there for a short time. Most products and services in this category are normally impulse because there is normally no prior consideration to buy them. An example is the purchase of new dresses, blouse and jewelry for a night out. High involvement purchases are those whereby the buyer spares much time and effort in s earching for the products. Involvement in any type of purchase gets high for those products that are costly and are much significant to ones’ life. (Evans, 1982). Consumer behavior is the study of individual or groups and how they choose, secure and dispose products and services in order for them to get satisfied. ... (Kotler,1986). Consumers normally carry out both internal and external search. Internal search is normally a psychological process that involves a buyer’s perception about a certain product. The consumer may want to know about their direct experiences about a certain product in the market: The feelings, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors about a certain product in the market. For instance, a lady may not want to use certain soap because it dries her skin. Information search is also a tool to determine consumer behavior which is affected by the buyer’s learning, attitude, perceptions and risk.(Kotler,1986). Manufacturers of products will normally come up with the necessary actions which make consumers search for information about their purchases. These include processes such as, standardization of prizes for the products, advertising which creates awareness to customers for them to make the appropriate decision about a product. Again, they can offer promotions and free sam ples in order to motivate the buyers. Thirdly, manufacturing companies of these products should at times brand their products so that the customers can notice something new about the products and buy them. In the production of a lady’s perfume for instance, makers need to pay attention to the above marketing strategies. (Kotler,1986). Problem recognition helps consumers feel a discrepancy about the number of brands of a product in the market. The principles regarding problem recognition and reaching the consumer’s desired state include the following. First is the issue of product analysis. This is whereby makers of products look keenly in to the product before selling it to consumers. Again, the makers need to

Addiction in Adults and Its Effects on Their Children Essay Example for Free

Addiction in Adults and Its Effects on Their Children Essay When thinking about drug addiction in adults, one often thinks about and wonders how and when an adult starts or becomes addicted to drugs. Studies have shown that people who have become addicted to drugs from various causes of society. Daily stress of everyday life, some people are forced to start drugs in certain situations, the process and life of a person dealing with drug addiction during pregnancy, the use of drugs during pregnancy, and the effects of drug use during pregnancy; just to name a few. See more: Foot Binding In China essay According to Authors: Lawrence Robinson, Melinda Smith, M. A. , and Joanna Saisan, M. S. W. Last updated: January 2012, â€Å"Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem; such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Drug abuse and addiction is less about the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and more to do with the consequences of drug use. No matter how often or how little you’re consuming, if your drug use is causing problems in your life—at work, school, home, or in your relationships—you likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem. † Drug addiction leads adult down the road of consequences, which such consequences could lead to pregnancy and childbirth. Some addicts may try to clean up during pregnancy however; there are plenty of people addicted to drugs so bad that it consumes their mind. Society has to take in account that there have been studies done on the effects of a parent addicted to drugs raising children. One can find facts that have found that there are parents that are considered functioning drug addicts. Some drug addicted parents are not involved in their children’s life. Now this leads society to wonder about some of the effects that the child may experience. Some children may have serious or several health issues when they are born addicted to drugs. Experts have also shown that some children may not have a medical issue but may experience mental and emotional issues at the same time. According to Lisa Levin, student of psychology, the University of Umea, Sweden, under guidance by Gunborg Palme, certified psychologist, certified psychotherapist, teacher and tutor in psychotherapy, â€Å"The American psychologist Janet G. Woititz was one of the first who paid real attention to the situation for adult children of addicts, with her book Adult Children of Alcoholics. In this book, she elucidated various characteristics that she found in many of these adult children. † Drug ddiction in adults can lead to a world of destruction for both the parents and children. Children can be removed from the home and placed in foster care. Sometimes these children experience terrible situations such as molestation and abuse. However, in other circumstances where some drug addicted adults willing give their children up to family members to rise. At times some of these children can lead down the path of drugs as well. It is being proven that some kids born addicted to drugs have also done drugs as a teenager and adult. In cases children will even sell drugs, work in adult clubs and entertainment, participate in prostitution, and even have children at early ages. But still one can find some of these children also can have a successful story and go down a completely different path, such as success, college, financial stability, or even religious background. The individual is the one that makes the choice on what path they will take in life. Lisa Levin also stated, â€Å"Children of addicts are more likely to develop their own substance abuse and social behavior problems than other children. According to certain researchers, the risk is twice as high, while others estimate the risk to be 4-9 times higher. † Personal thoughts on drug addiction in adults and the effects it has on their children would have to be so many that run through my head. I believe that children have the chose to make two options in their lives. Since dealing with family members who were and are addicted to drugs and their children have graduate from college, work a good job which pays good money, are married and have a family. I have at the same token had cousins that have also been addicted to drugs, prostitution, selling drugs, end up in jail, and have even died following the wrong path in their life. We all have to be responsible for ourselves and live life accordingly. I don’t believe that all children have bad effects of drug addicted parents. I believe they can choose to live a better life and change their situation for the better. One must always find the confidence, drive, and determination to want to make their life what they desire. When being a witness to both sides of the fence, bias is up in the air for now.

Medical ethics | An analysis

Medical ethics | An analysis Introduction: Medical ethics became one of the most important teaching modules in most of the medical schools especially in the last three decades particularly in US7 . Ethics defined as the study of morality, careful and systematic reflection on and analysis of moral decision and behavior4. Hence the medical ethics is the study of ethics related to medical practice. There are four primary principals for medical ethics where all basic medical teaching teaches to medical students. These are non-malfeasance, beneficence, justice and autonomy with sub sectional principals like truth telling and confidentiality.12 Now a days doctors are facing more ethical questions and dilemmas in day to day clinical practice, this can be partly   attributed to the increase in the knowledge of patients about their health from the media and internet . Studies showed that there is a strong relation between resolving ethical issues and medical errors especially in the area of informed consent and end of life care8. In addition, the court compensation for medico legal cases opened the door for public to find faults for doctors or the health systems to earn some wealth from it! All these made the teaching of how to handle an ethical issue and resolve it very essential to produce a competent skillful physician. Medical schools adopted different styles and methods for teaching medical ethics, it included didactic lecturing, small group seminars, case based discussion and simulated patient but without uniformity or consensus as to method or content7. This could be as a result of lack of agreement about what shall we teach in medical ethics7. At sultan Qaboose University, medical students have a one interdisciplinary  Ã‚   activity (IDA) week for medical ethics during their mid of fifth year. During this week speakers from different medical and surgical specialties present to the students a common ethical issues encounter. This week is also attended by Islamic scholar (Professor Albar) to comment on Islamic perspective in selective cases like abortion and end of life care . As co-organizer of the course I introduced the presentation of clinical cases by the student to the entire group. I asked each subgroup of the students to select a case where there is an ethical issue and reflect on what was done and how can we improve it. I found the reflect practice theory is very suitable for teaching of medical ethics because it stimulates the thinking and give the students the opportunity to analyze the ethical dilemma and how to resolve it. The Theory: The theory of reflective practice is attributed primarily to Donald Schà ¶n3, 5. In life and based on our knowledge and experience we take decision easily to events that we are expecting and used to experience. However when surprise or unexpected event take place, based on Schà ¶n theory, people develop two types of reflection to that event. The first one is Reflection in action and it occurs immediately.It is the ability to learn and develop continually by creatively applying current and past experiences and reasoning to unfamiliar events while they are occurring5. The second, reflection on action, occurs later. It is a process of thinking back on what happened in a past situation, what may have contributed to the unexpected event, whether the actions taken were appropriate, and how this situation may affect future practice 5. The reflection in action can be considered as an emergency decision in which the physician should take the risk of being mistaken, however, this type of d ecision should be appreciated by people in authority if later turned to be not the perfect way of handling it and that is because it was taken based on the inputs of that situation and surrounding circumstances unless it is clearly odd approach. In contrast, the reflection on action comes later when the physician finished all duties and started re-calling cases seen and decisions taken. At this point s/he will start to bring other options and thoughts that could serve the situation better than the ones taken. This extremely important because it enables us to spend time exploring why we acted as we did, what was happening in a group and so on13. In addition if this type of reflection done in group (Peer) will lead to even more reasonable and appropriate reaction to the surprise14. Since this paper discusses the teaching of medical ethics, the following example will illustrate this approach. A 32 years old pregnant lady in her 3rd trimester involved in car accident and sustained severe head injury , brought to the casualty and treating physician confirmed her death but noticed that the baby still kicking !. Limited experience and lack of awareness about the regulation of such the situation made it a surprise for the physician. He used his basic knowledge of saving life and decided to perform postmortem caesarian section (PMCS) and a second surprise came when the husband arrived to refused PMCS!! . Reflection on action for such case is extremely crucial to reach to an approach which is ethical, legal and satisfy the patient. It is usually reached when the case is presented to the peer and each one is discussing different perspective of the case. In the previous example the reflection on action could be asking a senior physician on duty be a good option for the c ase. Application: At college of medicine in sultan Qaboose University, medical students are divided in group each composed of about 10 to 15 students (Boys and Girls). Each group will be asked to prepare a clinical case seen in practice where there was an ethical issue (e.g. breaching confidentiality) and one or two of the group members will present the case to whole group during the medical ethics week forum. Students will be informed in advance about the objectives and strategies of this approach and each group will linked to a facilitator who is usually senior medical/paramedical faculty with experience of making difficult medical decisions6. The group will keep in touch with facilitator either in person or online (e.g. email) to show the contents, structure and suitability of the case for presentation and discussion. The facilitator will guide the students in selecting the case and how to formulate the ethical issue and its resolution and use steps in table-1 adopted from Catherine Myser.9, 11 S/he will also teach them some basic ethical principal like doctors should refrain from being judgmental, patronizing or minipulative2. S/he will direct them to the appropriate resources and personals whenever required. In Oman, many decisions of ethical dilemma are driven by Islamic teaching and this is very prevalent in medical field, hence students will be directed to Islamic scholars who have some medical background in order to help them understanding Islamic teaching in medical field. During the medical ethics IDA week forum, each group will present their case to the entire group in the presence of the facilitators. The presentation will be briefing about the case, the ethical issue, what was done, and how can we do better? More time will be given for discussion and comments by other students who are not member of the presenting group. The discussion will be regulated and guided by the facilitator supervising the presenting group. At the end of discussion the facilitator will re solve any argument and give the final comment summarizing the ethical issue and the best way to deal with it. Discussion: Medical schools around the world used different models in teaching medical ethics; the variation in selection of teaching model could rise from the availability of resources, number of students and curriculum design. For example, both university of Pennsylvania and university of Washington used small group facilitation and peer interaction while uniformed services university introduced a novel model called SCOOP which stand for Students Clinical Observation Of Preceptors11 . A SCOOP reverses the process of evaluation by giving the students evaluation form and ask them to evaluate the teachers. This gives them the opportunity to identify the teaching skills and methods reflect on them and hence acquire the appropriate one and avoid the other one. Shaheen and his group wrote in commentary about time to unified approach to medical ethics where he advocated for unified framework of ethics education justifying that it will   ensures measurable and accountable basis for the complex o f far-reaching ethical issues present in the medical field7 . However, it is difficult and impractical to unify the contents and materials of medical ethics for different parts of the world where there is a diversity of culture, believe and traditional values. That is because most of the ethical decisions are driven by these factors. For example, In Oman (and other Muslims countries) it is forbidden to drink any amount of alcohol as per the Islamic teaching, hence it is unethical to advice patient to drink alcohol as part of heart protection advice while the same advice can be carried out normally in non-Muslim country. However, I support the statement of Rameshkumar in his paper Ethics in medical curriculum when he said The structure of ethics education has to be closely monitored and the curriculum goals have to be well defined.10 The strength of this proposal is that there is national and international move toward teaching of medical ethics to both pre and post graduates students. Most of the senior physicians who did not have training in medical ethics realized that it made a gap in their qualification and they urge the new generation in order not to miss the chance. In Oman the support of the current and previous deans of college of medicine at sultan Qaboose University along with other many medical faculties will make this proposal overcome any obstacles. In addition, there interest of health care providers from different medical disciplines in any activities in medical ethics (workshop, seminars and lectures) will prepare the ground and the environment for the proposal to grow up at the university. This interest always clears during our annual medical ethics week where we get several requests from different institutes and departments asking for registration to the event although the week primarily designe d for medical students. The challenges that this proposal might face is the limited resources that include trained personals and teaching material. The later is easier to overcome since it merely financial and the college is ready to provide any recommended teaching material as long as there is a clear vision and mission of its utilization. In term of training personals, there are already two faculties sent abroad for master in bioethics. In addition, there are several faculties who has special interest in teaching of ethics, all these will make the overcome of human resources obstacles more feasible.  Ã‚   Recommendation: In order to implement this theory in teaching medical ethics to medical students I recommend the college to consider the following points: Identify and train people interested in teaching of medical ethics. The training should be for high degree ( Master , PhD ) and it is preferred to be in a center where culture and value of people are close to Oman. Provide teaching resources and materials to students. It should include textbooks, journals, video etc. Instruct the clinicians to integrate teaching of issues related to medical ethics in their daily patient care. Include assessment of medical ethics in the standard summative and formative methods of assessment in the college. Regular evaluation and audit of the program in order be developed farther .

An ageing population problem

An ageing population problem An ageing population problem is when a country has a high percentage of old generation people. There is no doubt that the ageing population is becoming serious problem in human lives, and the population of the world is becoming older and this is one of the most significant demographic events in the world today. This is caused because of more common medical facilities, which can supply for sick or injured people quicker, and, because of advances in modern technology and scientific research, treatments for illnesses have been discovered. This means that people are more possible to live longer than they would have done in the past. The United Nations found that the ranks of 60 year olds and older are growing 1.9% a year, which is 60% faster than the overall world population. They predicted that by the year 2050, there may be four people age 15-65 worldwide. Currently the ratio in year 2000 is nine to one. These indicate that the elderly will outnumber the children (BusinessWeek 2005). Also, knowledge about good produces people healthier. No more than twenty to thirty years ago, the most valuable thing was just to eat. They did not care about food. But now, a majority of people desire healthy food.As a result, knowledge about food and health make people live longer. This essay will discuss about how can the government solve these problems, and what problems might governments face with an ageing population. The ageing of population occurs because the numbers of birth rates have refused, or are declining in almost everywhere and also because older generation people are surviving to enjoy longer lives. Nowadays, current peoples educational level is very high. So, most people are more educated about the foods they eat and about health in common. Most of the current people think â€Å"Health is the most important.†, and I agree with them. So, physical fitness has developed into big business all over the world. In the morning, many people exercise. For example, jogging, dancing and so on. Some people go to the fitness, health and Yoga club to control their health. A period exercise can avoid light or dangerous diseases. In richer countries, their birth and death rates started to decline in the 19th century or past. It leads to effects and problems which will show in below. There is main effect of population ageing. The main effect is slower economic growth. When a large part of the population starts to move from pre-retirement to the post-retirement age group, the effect is that it slowed down the growth of the working age population. This means that there will be lower growth in per capita incomes and lower growth in the total economy. It is believed that the results of working will be lower than before when young generation are working. On the other hand, according to the OECD, ‘older workers are more costly than younger workers, because of higher payment, fringe benefits and social payments. But some companies do not see this situation.   As the training payments for the younger workers will be far more expensive, companies are better of just keeping the younger worker. The following equation, provide by (Gemma, T, 2005) shows in the simplest terms the relationship that must hold between the numbers of pensioners and workers and their incomes: twLà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¡bR L is the number of workers and R is the number of retired people. w is the income of each worker and b is the income of each retired person, while t is the proportion of workers incomes transferred to pensioners. As the population ages, the ratio of non-workers to workers (R/L) increases (assuming that retirement ages do not change sufficiently to offset the rise in life expectancy). In 2004, there were approximately 4 working age individuals (aged 20-64) for every 1 person aged 65 and over. By 2056 this ratio is predicted to fall to about 2:1. The result of this is that one (or a combination) of the following must occur: 1. The incomes of retired people will have to fall relative to those of working age people (b/w falls), 2. The proportion of workers incomes transferred to pensioners (t) will have to rise, 3. People will have to retire later. This increases the number of workers and decreases the number of retired people (Gemma, T, 2005). As can be seen in this article, if the age of retirement is upping, the numbers of workers are increasing and numbers of retired people are decreasing. Another solution is that employ people who foreign workers. Nowadays, it is difficult to immigrate to rich country for them who live in poverty countries. If the government makes it easier than before, it will not be happen. According to David in this article, there are three of solutions. Make people work more. European countries will have to rise the retirement age and draw more people, especially women, into the labour force. This will require much more flexible labour markets. Let in more immigrants. But this is only part of the answer. If Germany were to rely on immigrants to keep its ratio of workers to pensioners constant, its population would consist of 80 per cent foreigners by 2050. Have more babies. This does not mean traditional roles for women. Italy, where few women work, has on of the lowest birth rates in the world. Feminism is the new natalism. (David, M,2003) It can be seen that it leads to many problems, there are three main problems. The one of problem is health care. It is widely believed that the elderly people is increasing nowadays, however, there is no enough place to support them to keep their good condition of health. Good health is about more than just physical wellbeing. Its about peoples happiness and mental wellbeing too. However, for example, in Korea, a lot of elderly people have to care for themselves even they can get a money from the government, because that money is not enough to live. In addition, they do not have opportunities to work to earn money. In my opinion, older people should have satisfactory financial security to continue their quality of life and wellbeing. People are living longer, and gradually more demand nursing care, medication and management as their health get worse. Nurses working with older people need to empathise that the older patient has had a lifetime of dealing with stressors and in doing so have developed a range of coping mechanisms which include cognitive, behavioural and emotional responses and methods (Morris, V, 2007). Thus, the government should consider that improved financial planning for older age, increasing older peoples incomes and reducing costs for older people. Many of the actions necessary to deal with these priorities are central government responsibilities. However, the importance of these issues is recognised within the county.   Ageing may be accompanied by deteriorating health, a declining quality of life and increased demands on the health services (Department of Health, 2005). Some people argue that spending money on the elderly is a waste of money; it is better to spend on the young who can still contribute to society, however, we must first look at the fact that the elderly were once the young and were contributing to our society. Without their effort our developed society, which we succeed in, may not have been achieved. The spending, on the elderly, could therefore be seen as the least we could do for all the profits they worked for to give to us. However, there is the other side of the coin. If we were to spend money on the young, it would possibly have benefits for our society in the future. For example, if we were to spend money on education we could try and make sure that the young would develop into highly skilled workers, able to compete in the global economy. The elderly, as we already recognize, cannot contribute to society and we could say that further spending is a waste of money, when there are so many more benefits when spending it on the young. We could therefore say that the time has passed for the elderly. Elderly people can abuse or neglect themselves by not caring about their own personal health and well-being. Elder self-neglect can lead to illness, injury or even death. Common needs that the elderly person might deny themselves or ignore are the following: Sustenance (food or water) Cleanliness (bathing and personal hygiene) Adequate clothing for climate protection Proper shelter Adequate safety Clean and healthy surroundings Medical attention for serious illness Essential medications (The Economist, 2004). Many countries already have occupied steps toward developing their old-age social insurance programs which can help them who elderly people. In my opinion, every country should have those programmes; it brings about elderly people feel more comfortable.   Another problem that the organizations face is the loss of knowledge resulting from older workers leaving the organization without passing on their knowledge to others. As greater numbers of â€Å"knowledge workers† retire, they take with them insight about managing key customer relationships, handling exceptions to critical processes and a host of other experiences that can cost organizations significant amounts of time, energy and resources to recreate or replace. This will cause the organization to repeat their past mistakes and expose itself to additional financial and operational risk. General Kofi Adnan, United Nation secretary, said that â€Å"in Africa, it is said that when an old man dies, a library disappears† (BusinessWeek 2005). Finally, the government might be face with ageing population problems, thus, there are some solutions which the government should do. As this essay mentioned that age of retirement is upping, more babies and let in more immigrants. In addition, the government should try to find out more solutions. For example, the Australian government has three decision which are raise taxes for the young, It can use funds, which were to be used for other pressing long-term concerns e.g. environmental degradation and It can try to get the money to fund the bulge in the population by getting money out of them whilst they are still at working age. Also, campaigners for the elderly have suggested a number of solutions for the supposed problems. For instance the government could pay for long-term health care costs and the residential costs paid for by the individual. The government must also stress the need to younger generations to plan for their future by investing in private pensions as it has been estimated that around 8 million people in work are not members of occupational or personal pension schemes (Lg-employers,2004). In conclusion, an ageing population means that better and more general services will need to be created to supply for the elderly. If society is willing to change its attitudes on the elderly then in the future they will be treated with respect rather than a trouble.

Descartes to Kant: The Existence of God †A Very Brief History :: Philosophy, God

The subsequent essay will cover a short history of the existence of God from Renà © Descartes through Immanuel Kant. First, section (1), covers Descartes’ view on the existence of God. Following this, in (2), I consider G.W. Leibniz’s view and George Berkeley’s view is explored in (3). These first three philosophers undeniably believe God exists. The remainder of the essay covers three additional philosophers whose views on the existence of God are less certain. These philosophers include John Locke covered in section (4), David Hume in (5) and, lastly, Immanuel Kant in (6). (1) Holding strong Catholic beliefs, Descartes, without a doubt believed in the existence of God. Descartes makes this clear in the beginning of Meditations on First Philosophy. He writes that we must â€Å"believe in God’s existence because it is taught in the Holy Scriptures, and, conversely, that we must believe in the Holy Scriptures because they have come from God† (Descartes 1). Later, however, within the Third Meditation, Descartes considers the existence of God. In his search for absolute certainty, he initially writes, â€Å"I do not yet sufficiently know if there is even a God† (Descartes, 25). In other words, Descartes does not initially know if God exists with certainty. He then deliberates â€Å"whether there is a God† (25). Even though he questions God’s existence, Descartes still has an innate idea of God; a substance that is an â€Å"infinite, independent, supremely intelligent and supremely powerful† perfect being who cr eated everything (30). As a result, he concludes that because of his innate idea of God, (which was not conjured by Descartes of drawn from the senses), it must therefore be God who â€Å"is the cause of this idea† (25). Moreover, because Descartes exists with an idea of God, he concludes that God must also exist. He explicitly states this in the following: â€Å"I have no choice but to conclude that the mere fact of my existing is and of there being in me an idea of a most perfect being, that is God, demonstrates most evidently that God too exists† (34). Descartes then continues, suggesting that it is â€Å"highly plausible† that he is somehow made in the image and likeness of his creator (35). After this, Descartes continues the meditations basing many other things on the existence of God. But, in the Fifth Meditation, Descartes claims to provide a proof demonstrating the existence of God.

Coputers In Modern Society :: essays research papers

Coputers In Modern Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking around at daily life, I noticed a pattern of computer oriented devices that make life easier and allow us to be lazier. These devices are in most daily activities ranging from waking up to an alarm clock that is computerized to watching the news before going to bed on a computerized television. All of these computerized facets of our society help to increase our daily productivity and help us to do whatever it is we need to accomplish in the day. The computer age is upon us and it will continue to grow in influence until society revolves around it daily without need for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In personal computers, the industry has began to create faster machines that can store much more information. For speed, the internal microprocessor has been tweaked to perform at high rates of speed. One such microprocessor is the Intel Pentium chip that is the fastest commercial microprocessor on the market. In addition to internal speed and to allow faster hook- up to the Internet, faster telephone lines, most notably the fiber optic lines, have been added, for an extra charge, to transfer data about 4 times faster than conventional phone lines (about 28,000 bits per second has been quadrupled to about 128,000 bits per second. As speed enhances, memory and storage space is needed to hold excess information. EDO RAM is a new, faster memory module that helps transfer RAM data twice as fast as normal RAM. For long term storage of large amounts of data, hard drives have been under a constant upgrade of performance, and it is not uncommon to find hard drives about 8-9 gigabytes on the market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with technology, an ease of use factor has been instilled in the modern day PC's. The most notable ease of use enhancement is a GUI(Graphical User Interface), which allows the user to see a choice instead of reading about the choice. This is accomplished by using pictures and windows to simplify the choices. Windows 95 and the Macintosh OS both use GUI to simplify use. Another change in technology has been in almost putting manufacturing of typewriters into extinction. Offices are more and more turning to computers instead of typewriters because the computers integrate many office tasks in one machine, most notably the use of word processors. With the use of word processors on a computer comes the use of spell check which is only offered on a few typewriters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most growing part of the computer-oriented world is the Internet. It allows users to send electronic mail (E-mail), faster and more conveniently

eleanor roosevelt Essay examples -- essays research papers

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 11, 1884, daughter of lovely Anna Hall and Elliott Roosevelt, younger brother of Theodore. When her mother died in 1892, the children went to live with Grandmother Hall; her adored father died only two years later. Attending a distinguished school in England gave her, at 15, her first chance to develop self-confidence among other girls. Eleanor married her fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Tthey became the parents of six children. In World War 1, she became active in the American Red Cross and in volunteer work in Navy hospitals. Franklin Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. Mrs. Roosevelt became active in politics both to help him maintain his interests and to assert her own personality and goals. She was in the League of Women Voters, and the Women's Trade Union League, and worked for the Women's Division of the New York State Democratic Committee. She helped to found Val-Kill Industries, a furniture factory in Hyde Park, New York, and taught at the Todhunter School, a private girls’ school in New York City. Franklin D. Roosevelt became President in 1933. Eleanor Roosevelt was an active First Lady who traveled around the nation, visiting relief projects, surveying working and living conditions, and then reporting to the President. She added her own political and social influence. She became active with helping the poor and minorities. During World War II, she visited England and t...

Orruption in Primary Education in Bangladesh Essay

Introduction The adult literacy rate is 51 percent The average number of teacher per primary school is only 4 Average number of students per primary school is 273 The primary teacher-student ratio is 67:1 Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 2 Development in Primary Education Adoption of an education policy in 2000 Five-year cycle to an eight-year cycle by 2010 Free and compulsory primary education for all children; Free education for girls up to grade eight; Free books for all children at primary level; 3 Development in Primary Education A food-for-education programme Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP) Creation of a separate Primary and Mass Education Division (PMED) A proliferation of non-formal education programme by NGOs, and 4 Achievements in Primary Education Net enrolment rate has reached 80 percent Over 70 percent of the students now complete the five-year primary cycle 60 percent are present in school on an average day Source: Campaign for Popular Education & The University Press Ltd. 5 State of Corruption, Mismanagement and Irregularities in Primary Education All these programmes are infested with endless flaws and irregularities. TIB Household Corruption Survey identified the education sector as fifth corrupt sectors (2002) TIB Corruption Database identified the education sector as the third most corrupt sectors (2004) TIB and Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs) conducted a Report Card Survey in the primary education to identify the gaps and flaws in our basic education level as well as to locate and dispose of corruption. 6 Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs) TIB developed six Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs) Mymensingh Kishoregonj Nalitalari Madhupur Muktagacha, Jamalpur The main objective of the formation of the CCCs is to create local groups which would serve as local lobbyists seeking to curb corruption, instigate reform and promote integrity in the public service delivery system. 7 Sources of Data Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey, TIB (2001) Report card survey is a simple approach for organizing public feed back Report Cards are designed to assess the nature, types, extent and implications of corruption, and at the same time facilitate stakeholders participatory movement for improving the quality of service in the sector. 8 Name of Areas and number of different respondents for the Report Card Survey (2001) Respondents Area Mymensingh Muktagachha Jamalpur Kishoregonj Nalitabari Madhupur Gouripur Sharishabar Total Headmaster 23 25 20 21 19 20 21 22 171 Student 115 124 120 120 120 120 113 134 966 Guardian 115 124 120 120 120 120 113 134 966 Total 253 273 260 261 259 260 247 290 2103 9 Sources of Data Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey, TIB (2002) Information from 3030 Households Corruption Database: TIB (2004) Information from 26 Dailies Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey, TIB (2005) Information from 3000 Households Quality with Equity: The Primary Education Agenda, Campaign for Popular Education Bangladesh (2005) 8212 Respondents 10 Corruption in admission in primary education TIB Report card Survey (2001) shows that 6. 52% of the primary students paid Tk 63/- on average as admission fees . TIB Household Corruption Survey (2005) showed that 40% primary students had to pay 209 taka as admission fees 11 Irregular subscription/fees TIB Report Card Survey (2001) revealed that each student of primary schools had to pay 47 taka on average subscription for at least nine purposes which is illegal TIB Household Corruption Survey (2005) revealed that each student of primary schools had to pay 58 taka on average subscription for at least nine purposes which is illegal 12 Percentage of students who paid illegal fees 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. Sp or ts Bo ok s rit ua ls m ot io n ex am ex ta in m lE po se s th er pu r am . xa en t En te r Pr om 2n d Re lig io us m 1s tT er Te Fi na rm 2001 2005 Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) O 13 Amount of average illegal fess 2001 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 m ion ok s . ex am or ts t en ls r it ua us io O th er inm lE Bo ex Sp os es pu rp am xa ot om Pr te En 2005 er m Fi na tT Te rm rta 1s d 2n Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005). Re l ig 14 Corruption in Food for Education Program 16 % of the cases the criterion was not observed 15. 5% of the students paid on an average Taka 32 to be included in the programme Subscription was collected by teachers, Dealers and from Others On average every student received 2. 47 Kgs food grain less every time Missing 1241 tons of food grain in 8 Upazillas equivalent to 12 million taka (1USD=52 taka) Source: Corruption in Primary Education:A Report Card Survey (2001) 15 Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP). Started from July 2002 substituting the former Food for Education Programme (FFE). Aim of attracting and keeping more children, especially of the poor Forty percent of the students in rural area are eligible to receive Tk 100 stipend per month Identification of 40 percent of pupil enrolled in grades 1-5 from the poorest households by School Management Committee (SMC) To remain eligible for the monthly stipend, a student has to attain minimum 40 percent marks in term examinations and have 85 percent monthly class attendance. 16 Corruption in Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP). Over two-thirds of the children from the poorest category were not selected to be recipients of stipend; 27 percent of children from affluent households received the stipend 32. 4% primary school students who have been enrolled for stipend had to pay 40 taka for their enrolment 46 percent of the stipend holders did not receive the full amount of stipend Source Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) Source: Campaign for Popular Education & The University Press Ltd. 17 Corruption in Upazilla Primary Education Offices 34% of the responding headmasters said that bribes are occasionally required to be paid 13% said that they have to do so every time. Source: Corruption in Primary Education:A Report Card Survey (2001) 18 Consequences of corruption Concerned officials of primary education collected 19. 85 million taka (1USD=52 taka) as illegal subscription from 8 areas (out of 500 areas). Concerned primary education officials collected 546 million taka (1USD=60 taka) as illegal fees from all over Bangladesh Concerned PESP officials collected 25 million taka from primary students to enroll them in the PESP from all over Bangladesh . Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) 19 Perpetrators of Corruption 1. Teachers 2. Food dealers 3. Management committee of institutions 4. Employees of institutions Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) 20 Causes of corruption 1. Absence of accountability 2. Discretionary power 3. Lack of transparency 4. Monopoly power 5. Influence of powerful people Source Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2002) 21 The objectives of CCCs advocacy activities on Primary Education. Ensuring quality education in all classrooms implying that there shall remain no room for pursuing any kind of ill motives for personal gain of any concerned party; Promoting collection of reasonable and standard fees in all primary schools; Ensuring that schools keep proper record of official fund collection and expenditure; Promoting the effectiveness of School Management Committees (SMC) and the Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) to work as watchdog bodies for the betterment of local-level education; Suggesting strategies for meaningfully reducing the rate of dropouts. 22. TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs The advocacy undertaken by CCCs for achieving the above objectives are at three level; Firstly, the CCCs are working to increase mass people through mobile theatres, mothers’ gathering and parents-teachers gathering etc. Secondly, the CCCs are trying to build coalition with School Management Committee (SMC), Upazilla Education Committee, and with the Civil Society. Finally, the CCCs are working with the concerned officials including Upazilla Education Offices, District Education Offices, Upazilla and District administrations etc. 23 TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs Most of the upazilla primary education offices have taken initiatives for curbing corruption in their offices. As a result, corruption has somewhat reduced in the offices of the upazilla primary education offices. A number of teachers informed the CCCs that they are not giving bribes in the education office for their services. Because of CCC advocacy, a number of education offices decided on a fixed amount of fees for various purposes. The teachers are no longer collecting illegal fees from the students. 24 TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs The CCCs have been invited by the Upazilla Education offices to participate in preparing yearly plan. The concerned education officials have requested the CCCs to help them to form the School Management Committee (SMC); The CCCs obtained formal consent to work with two Primary Schools for turning them into â€Å"Islands of Integrity† in each area; Many facets of the local education system appeared to have acted on the CCC-designed recommendations. 25 TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs TIB’s suggestions, voiced via CCCs, were taken seriously and changes to record-keeping systems were made as per CCC recommendations; the CCCs had 15 specific reform-oriented recommendations; CCCs have been successful in persuading school authorities to clearly specify the school tuition fees, the rate of stipends, and supplying books on time, at no extra cost to guardians. It was made clear that the CCCs would continue to act as watchdogs for ensuring transparency and accountability; 26 Further Information Md. Sydur Rahman Molla Senior Programme Officer Research Department Transparency International Bangladesh Progress Tower (5th Floor), H # 01, R # 23, Gulshan –1, Dhaka –1212 PH: 880 2 9884811, 8826036, Fax: 880 2 9884811 Email: srmolla@ti-bangladesh. org Web: www. ti-bangladesh. org 27 Thanks 28.

Management and Diversity Essay

Susan capital of Mississippi states in motley in the study Human election Initiatives that, Surveys of chore adoptershiphip confirm the perception that interest in managing innovation luckyly is widespread. In a study of 645 firms, 74% of the respondents were concerned some miscellanea, and of these intimately champion-third felt that miscell whatever magnetic coreed corpo footstep strategy. This means that the mass of governing bodys encounter novelty is important, and rede the contain to take action, however weaponing the cover female genitalia be to a greater ex decennaryt difficult. This perishic go out scheme a human preferences strategical plan that let ins novelty educational activity for wholly employees to take conductors and frontline staff. It provide taper item novelty watching segments to sell anxietys perspectives, and go forth use a counterchange model to impart c be to mechanism bringed modifications to the agreements practices. This writing forget as puff up propose a sketch homework outline of novelty content. Fin every(prenominal)y, this paper whollyow for recommend a door-to-door method of evaluation to ensure the rearing leave hold the needed changes. class Winston states in The Importance of Leadership regeneration The Relationship between sort and organisational Success in the Academic environs that, Fostering vicissitude in judicatures is princip in any(prenominal)y considered a priority in telling to the increasing assorted population, as comfortably as inequities, current unfairness, and underrepresented. To pass a mutation strategy that becomes a strategic fiber of organic law it must(prenominal) adapt with the overall goals of the judicature. Nagel, CEO for Cisco states in the Hewlett Associates Creating a sustainable Inclusion and transmutation Strategy word form on Your go withs Goals and Strengths that, This sit of cellular comprehension and re generation must be an integral part of the troupes keystone business goals, rather than an add-on whose value and be constantly need to be justified.A successful and sustainable I&D (inclusion and diversity) strategy locoweed non be built in a silo. Similarly, for I&D to percolate the musical arrangemental support required to procure its goals, it needs to be represented and hunt dget a central role in decision-making at the highest take aim. To ensure that I&D is integrated at every level of the association, not just an HR focus. To move over this strategy start at the slide by of the organization is critical to the success of the initiative. This would dismount with the forming of an Inclusion and kind Council. This counsel would be led by the Vice prexy of Human Resources, and the members atomic number 18 all executive level positions that represent each fragment of the partnership. The goals for this council would be to develop the Inclusive and potpourri dea l to align with the goals of the company, develop the strategy behind the diversity and inclusion, and the execution plan. This council would in any case start gathering data to cast d make employee net cause sorts in which all employees adjudge the probability to join.It would review and advocating policies that support an wide surround including training for all employees, and implement a metrics for measuring the clashing of Inclusion and Diversity initiatives. finished creating this causa of board for the organization places diversity as a top priority and demonstrates the seriousness of integrating diversity into the organization. This would also bring out to the EEOC a good faith safari to inaugurate diversity into the company. Below the council would be an admissional sort out of managers that ar unruffled of incompatible business segments and would each get a leadership token position in the employee network group. This group of managers would be respons ible for shape uping a strategy and executing a plan to implement the councils decisions. This would lead an spare aggroup up of employees be affect in the inclusion and diversity strategy. Because I&D goals atomic number 18 aligned with the overall business goals, I&D initiatives hurt a great impact than before and argon seen as a company priority. (Hewett, 2009). by beginning the diversity strategies at the top and including additional manager done and throughout the company poses that this initiative is not a fad and that it is world taken seriously. The council will begin the inclusion and diversity process and communicate to managers and the overview the hiring and team the employees that make up the organization. In addition to the council, managers that recruit and hire employees will go through discourseing skills and be required to bugger off a several(a) slate ground upon the geographic location. Adding to a greater extent(prenominal) diverse candidates to the call into question process gives managers the opportunity to hire more diverse candidates if they are the most fit for the position. Interviewing more diverse candidates, waives more opportunity to hire and retain a diverse workforce. This will lead to less disagreement lawsuits pass on hiring and retaining more diversity within the organization. Another key tailor is developing and engaging the talent that the organization currently has. This would include promotions of internal candidates.This type of development would include mentoring groups that could be utilise through the employee network groups. This would reach all levels of employees throughout the organization. Finally, thither will be training for all employees in regards to diversity and inclusion, harassment, and stereotypes and biases. By training employees and holding consequently accountable for improper practices or behavior, supporters the organization develop standards and omit any unbefitting behaviors. Through aligning diversity and inclusion with the companys overall goals and including key leaders in the organization states that this is a high priority and is supported by the overall company. By engaging managers at different levels through employee network groups and having diverse slates in hiring practices allows the company to go to go in diversity and inclusion. Finally, providing training and policies in place to encompass all employees gives everyone the misgiving of what behavior is acceptable and that the work surround is inclusion for everyone. There can be a variety of reasons that managers or employees would differ change.According to the article, study Diversity How to tackle Resistance it states, Employees resist diversity for a number of reasons if the organizations description of diversity is not broad seemly and comprehensive, some employees may feel excluded or left out of the change process. Furthermore, employees who are not often made to feel included in the process, such(prenominal) as white men, may feel blessed for inequities in their organization and react with defensiveness. On the other hand, employees specifically included in diversity efforts such as women or people of coloring- may express tube because they do not want to be singled out or perceived as having succeeded purely as a dissolver of the change effort. Finally, employees are also distrustful and reluctant to get involved with innovative diversity efforts when prehistorical change efforts have not been successful.To address the managers that would be implementing these practices I would first start with training the collar of the alignment of diversity with the organizational goals. This would include ten posing training round diversity and the reflexion that it effects the organization. Through establishing and defining the organizations explanation of diversity and how it will help the company grow would help the managers commisera te the company initiative and that the top leaders of the organization are implementing and enforcing this program. It would also allow the managers to date diversity and the components of it. The second training would stand for having a diverse slate to interview, interviewing candidates, and selecting the best(p) talent. virtuoso common misperception is the belief that honorary benefits or advantages will be granted to a specific group, such as white women, or people of color as salutary as that one has to part of a specific group in order to be promoted. (Catalyst, 2009).Through catch the correct interview process, having a diverse number of candidates for promotion or hiring, and asking job related questions will allow the organization to continue to chassis on diversity and inclusion and train as fountainhead as put down the managers the correct hiring process. The third training would allow the manager to understand and analyze their own stereotypes and biases. Throug h identifying that everyone, absolutely everyone has stereotype and biases, allows the manager to identify them and then look past them. This would help with the fair treatment of all employees. All three of these training academic sessions, misgiving diversity, interview with diversity, and understanding stereotypes and biases will allow the company to continue to grow in diversity and inclusion. The organization will also be in compliance with heavy hiring practices and treatment of employees including harassment. Dr. John Kotters 8- bar change model is one that can be utilized to implement and explain the change in the organizations diversity and inclusion.According to the article The development of a model to support synchronous change, Kotters eighter from Decatur footfalls are create a sense of urgency, form a powerful coalition, create a slew for change, communicate the hatful, remove obstacles, create short(p) term wins, build on the change, and fix the changes in c orporate enculturation. The first step is to create a sense of urgency. In this case the urgency has already been coiffe in place by the charges set about by the EEOC. Due to the charges the organization must put a plan into effect quickly this will be spanking to the success of the organization. In step two, formulating a coalition, this can be through through establishing the diversity council in which key leaders will initiate the beginning of the diversity and inclusion component of the company. This will help the organization to all be on the same page and implement a strategy from the top. The third step includes the vision for change. This is done through aligning the goals of the organization to the goals of diversity. This part of the plan would create goals such as meeting diversity goals, creating an inclusive environment, and training goals for the employees.Creating a work environment that is diverse as well as inclusive is an ideal work environment. stair four, co mmunicate the vision, can be pure(a) through the trainings conducted with the managers. These trainings would explain the diversity goals of the organization and have the frontline staff realize 5 diversity training sessions, and manager complete 10 diversity training sessions. In addition to the training, the managers should have constant contri yete and honest discourse about the changes that are happening and how those changes are effecting the organization. The fifth step, removing obstacles, would need to be in place when the employees are resisting the changes. Removing obstacles is part of the overall plan in which resistance comes up it is addressed right off and allows the organization continue to build on its strategy. This fifth step is important in which managers that are embraceing the diversity vision are rewarded and those that are not a redirected to follow the guidelines in place.This came be done by offering diversity bonuses based on having a diverse hiring slate, but not by hiring the most diverse candidates. The important part is still hiring the best candidates, but having a variety of candidates to adopt from. The sixth step, create short-term wins, allows the employees to process and be successful in intervals. This would include reaching goals such as end training, and having the correct amount of people to interview to complete a diverse slate. Step seven, build on the change, allow employees to watch the small successes that will then lead to additional wins of having a diverse and inclusive work environment. Finally, the eighth step, anchor the changes in corporate culture, is the complete process in which the changes are adapted to the culture of the organization. This is when the untested staff as well as the old staff has accepted the culture and ensures that the changes continue. to each one component of Kotters eight step process is important and undeniable to achieve success. This plan of implementing change in acc ordance with the eight steps lays the prat for the organization to make a imperious change and provide a more diverse and inclusive work place. expound previously there were would be diversity training composed of ten (10) sessions. These sessions are based off of the Workplace Diversity Foreword, Managing Workplace Diversity. The first louvre sessions would be for both frontline employees and managers. The remaining sessions six to ten would be for managers only. The first session would connote an understanding of what diversity is. Although diversity can be different to each individual, this would focus on the defining diversity, giving muniment of the organizations diversity, and legal overview. The second training session would explain what stereotypes are as well as biases. In the course instrumentalist would identify their own biases through prompt hearing. Once the biases and stereotypes are identified, the third session would include breaking down your own biases th rough changing how the participants view their blast and the encouraging workplace and social changes.The quarter lesson would then identifying the proper communication stating that listening and hearing are two different things. This would help open up communication among all individuals to incorporate an all-inclusive environment. Lesson five would explain body language and it is not what you say, but how you say it. This would allow employees as well as managers to understand that there is more to communication than just words. The sixth training would encourage diversity in the workplace through establishing guidelines and seeing employees about preventing discrepancy. The seventh training would entail identifying discrimination and the options in which an employee or manager would have if this happened. The eight training would explain the processes utilise if you as a manager are involved in a direction, understanding the role that you play as a manager that represents t he company as well as an individual. The ninth training would teach the manager how to properly document the complaint and identify the appropriate actions including contacting the human resources department.The ordinal training would explain the steps in receiving the complaint formally as then looking back at the incidental and learning from the experience. All ten of these trainings, establish the guidelines that the organization is looking to enforce and support. Each component both explains and defines what diversity is, how it is involved in the day to day work environment, and how to prevent as well as respond to a complaint. Once all of the trainings are completed managers as well as employees will understand the overall goals of the company, how diversity plays a role in those goals, how each employee and manager can establish towards those goals, and what to do when the resistance to diversity is encountered.Finally, this paper will recommend a comprehensive method of ev aluation to ensure the training will create the needed changes. One way to handbill the success of diversity initiative is if there are any additional complaints filed with the EEOC, and of the goals or requirements put in place by the EEOC are met. trailing and evaluating the hiring process and the applicants considered will show the strides or lack of follow through for the organization. similarly following the guidelines given and continued follow through with compliance would allow the organization to track and view the changes. Another way to establish if the goals and measures are successful is through looking the amount of promotions if internal candidates. This will show how many employees are victorious advantage of the mentoring, employee networking, and diversity training through embracing the goals of the company and making themselves more promotable. The organizations retention rate by demographic group compares favourably with external retention rates. (Bliss, Kear y, Loftus, Outwater, Porter & Volpe, 2011).This would show how many minorities had been hired and promoted. An additional measure could also be an employee critique conducted. Employee ecstasy survey results by demographic group show the feelings or rates on the diversity in the organization. (Bliss, et al, 2011). Through seek the employee input on how they view diversity, training and the inclusive environment, and how successful they feel it is will allow the organization to gage how successful the diversity initiative is and how to continue to build upon it. Finally the organization can look specifically in the diversity of top level managers. Consistent with applicable law, archetype of minorities and women in positions is enhanced. (Werner & DeSimone, 2012). This would directly look to see how engaged the top level of the company is and the continued support needed to continue to grow the diversity of the organization. Each step will allow the organization to understand an d enhance the diversity and inclusion strategy.Practicing diversity management means operating at a level that is the best with keep to diversity management. (Werner & DeSimone, 2012). This paper outlined a human resources strategic plan that includes the humans of a diversity council of top managers, an additional group of managers to help implement diversity changes, employee network groups, and diversity training for all employees to include managers and frontline staff. This paper focused on specific diversity training segments to address managements perspectives through establishing a diversity training model for all employees. This paper used Kotters eight (8) step change model to persuade management to implement needed modifications to the organizations practices, and proposed a brief ten (10) training outline of diversity content. Finally, this paper recommended a introduce system through the applicant give log to overview the diversity process as well as a survey for em ployees to complete to ensure the training will create the needed changes.ReferencesBliss, W., Keary, D., Loftus, J., Outwater, L., Porter, G., Volpe, N., (2011). The SHRM Learning frame Module Three Human Resource Development. Alexandra, VA Society for Human Resource Management. p. 206-221. Catalyst., (2009, may 13). Workplace Diversity How to Tackle Resistance. Womens Media. Retrieved celestial latitude 15, 2012, from http//www.womensmedia.com/lead/119-workplace-diversity-how-to-tackle-resistance.html Hewett, A,. (2009). Creating a Sustainable Inclusion & Diversity Strategy Build on Your Companys Goals and Strengths. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from http//www.cisco.com/web/about/ac49/ac55/white_paper_Diversity_102709.pdf Jackson, S., (1992) Diversity in the Workplace Human Resources Initiatives. Guilford Publications. New York, NY.Managing Workplace Diversity Website. (2012). Work Place Diversity Foreword. Retrieved December 15, 2012, from http//pdtraining.com.au/workplace-diver sity-training-course Redvers C., Tennant,C., Neailey, N., (2005) The Development of a nonplus to Support Synchronous Change. Measuring commercial enterprise Excellence, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.13 20. Werner, J., & DeSimone, R. (2012) Human resource development (6th ed.) Mason OH South western sandwich Cengage LearningWinston, M., (2009). The Importance of Leadership Diversity The Relationship